ANSWERS FIRST

Frequently asked questions

Every answer starts with the figure. Sources and dates are stated.

Grant snapshot — Scotland (HES two-stream model): Clean heating grant £7,500 (£9,000 rural) + Energy efficiency grant £7,500 (£9,000 rural). Maximum combined grants £15,000 (£18,000 rural). Optional interest-free loan £7,500 per stream (rural uplift does not apply to loans). Rural grant + loan example: £9,000 + £7,500 = £16,500. Standalone solar PV grant stopped 6 June 2024. 0% VAT until 31 March 2027.

How much does a battery cost installed in Scotland?

A Duracell Dura5 (5.32 kWh) typically costs £3,500–£4,500 installed, including 0% VAT (active until 31 March 2027). A Tesla Powerwall 3 (13.5 kWh) costs £8,500–£10,500. These are illustrative ranges — a free survey gives your exact figure. Prices checked August 2026.

Will adding a battery affect my Feed-in Tariff payments?

No. Adding a battery or replacing your inverter does not affect your FiT payments — these are protected upgrades. Only replacing panels or increasing capacity may affect your FiT contract. Always confirm with your FiT provider before replacing panels. Source: Ofgem FiT guidance, checked August 2026.

Can I get a grant for solar or a battery in Scotland?

Yes — HES uses a two-stream model. Clean heating grant: £7,500 (£9,000 rural). Energy efficiency grant: £7,500 (£9,000 rural). Maximum combined grants: £15,000 (£18,000 rural). An optional interest-free loan of £7,500 per stream is also available — the rural uplift does not apply to loans. Total for a rural home with one grant plus loan: £9,000 + £7,500 = £16,500. The standalone solar PV grant stopped on 6 June 2024. The Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) covers England and Wales only. ECO4 is open until 31 December 2026.

How do I know if my inverter is failing?

Five signs: error codes on the display, complete shutdown, significantly reduced generation, overheating or unusual noises, and the monitoring app has stopped updating. If your inverter is 10+ years old and showing any of these, replacement is recommended. A modern hybrid inverter costs £1,200–£2,500 installed.

What is the difference between AC-coupled and DC-coupled?

AC-coupled batteries connect via a separate inverter and work with any existing solar setup (including FiT systems). DC-coupled batteries connect directly to panels via a hybrid inverter — more efficient but requires replacing your existing inverter. For upgrades to existing systems, AC-coupled is almost always the right choice.

Does the 0% VAT apply to solar upgrades?

Yes, 0% VAT on solar panels and battery storage is active until 31 March 2027. This is automatic — you do not need to apply. Typical savings: £700–£2,000 on battery upgrades, £2,400–£3,600 on full system replacements. Source: HMRC, checked August 2026.

How long does a battery installation take?

Battery only: 1 day. Inverter replacement: 2–4 hours. Full system replacement: 2–3 days. Total process from enquiry to completion: 2–4 weeks including survey, design, DNO notification, and installation scheduling.

What happens to solar I don't use — do I still get paid?

Yes. Surplus electricity exported to the grid earns you income via the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG), which pays 1p–25p/kWh depending on your supplier and tariff. The Outgoing Octopus flat rate is 12p/kWh from 1 March 2026. With a battery, you store surplus for evening use and export only what you truly cannot use. Source: Octopus Energy, checked August 2026.

Is it worth replacing 10-year-old solar panels?

Usually no. At 10 years, panels have lost only about 5% efficiency (0.5% per year). However, if your inverter is failing AND you want battery storage, a combined upgrade makes sense. If panels are significantly degraded AND the inverter is failing, full replacement may be the best return — especially with 0% VAT and HES grants.

Do I need planning permission for solar in Scotland?

Usually no. Solar panels are typically permitted development, provided: panels do not protrude more than 200mm from the roof, the building is not listed, the property is not in a conservation area with panels visible from the street. Battery systems are usually permitted if installed inside. Conservation area and listed building consent is a separate process — we check before you commit.

Who actually installs the system?

Installation is carried out by Home Heating Services (Scotland) Ltd (company number SC484353). They are MCS certified (IAA10151) for Solar PV, Battery Storage, and Air Source Heat Pumps, TrustMark registered (3559930), and Gas Safe registered (559575). Scottish Energy Efficiency is the advisory business — we assess, recommend, and arrange.

What guarantees do I get?

Three layers: workmanship guarantee from the installer (5–10 years), manufacturer warranty (15 years on Duracell Dura5, 10 years on Tesla Powerwall 3, 25–30 years on panels), and an insurance-backed guarantee via TrustMark. The IBG protects you even if the installer were to cease trading.

Source: Home Energy Scotland, checked August 2026.

Glossary

Solar and battery terms explained in plain English.

MCS
Microgeneration Certification Scheme — the UK quality mark for renewable energy products and installers. Required for grant funding.
SEG
Smart Export Guarantee — the scheme that pays you for electricity you export to the grid. Requires an MCS-certified installation.
DNO
Distribution Network Operator — the company that owns and operates the local electricity grid. SPEN in central/south Scotland, SSEN in the north and Highlands.
kWp
Kilowatt-peak — the maximum output of a solar panel or system under standard test conditions. A typical domestic system is 3–6 kWp.
kWh
Kilowatt-hour — a unit of energy. One kWh is enough to run a washing machine for about one cycle.
EPC
Energy Performance Certificate — rates your home's energy efficiency from A (best) to G (worst). Solar and battery can improve your rating.
FiT
Feed-in Tariff — the government scheme (now closed to new applicants) that pays existing solar owners for every kWh generated. Battery and inverter upgrades do not affect FiT payments.
G98
The DNO notification form for connecting a small generator (up to 3.68 kW export) to the grid. Most battery retrofits fall under G98.
G99
The DNO application form for connecting a larger generator (above 3.68 kW export). Requires formal approval, typically 4–8 weeks.
HES
Home Energy Scotland — the Scottish Government's impartial advice service. Offers grants and interest-free loans for energy efficiency improvements.
BUS
Boiler Upgrade Scheme — an England and Wales scheme offering grants towards heat pump installations. Not available in Scotland (use HES instead).
ECO4
Energy Company Obligation 4 — a UK-wide scheme requiring energy companies to fund energy efficiency improvements for eligible low-income households. Open until 31 December 2026.
AC-coupled
A battery that connects to the AC (mains) side of your electrical system via its own inverter. Works with any existing solar setup, including FiT systems.
DC-coupled
A battery that connects to the DC (panel) side via a hybrid inverter. More efficient but requires replacing your existing inverter.
RTE
Round-trip efficiency — the percentage of energy you get back out of a battery compared to what you put in. Typically 85–92% for home batteries.
LiFePO4
Lithium iron phosphate — a battery chemistry that is safer, longer-lasting, and more temperature-tolerant than NMC. Used in the Duracell Dura5.
NMC
Nickel manganese cobalt — a battery chemistry used in the Tesla Powerwall. Higher energy density but shorter lifespan than LiFePO4.
SPEN
SP Energy Networks — the DNO for central and southern Scotland, including Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee, and the Borders.
SSEN
Scottish and Southern Electricity Networks — the DNO for northern Scotland, the Highlands, and the Islands.
TrustMark
A government-endorsed quality scheme for home improvement. TrustMark registration is required for work to qualify for certain grants and the insurance-backed guarantee.

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